Tambayar ta taso game da dalilin da yasa kwalabe na filastik ke da irin wannan iyakoki masu ban haushi a zamanin yau.

Kungiyar Tarayyar Turai ta dauki wani muhimmin mataki a yakin da take yi da sharar robobi ta hanyar ba da umarnin cewa dukkan kwandunan robobi su kasance a makale da kwalabe, mai tasiri a watan Yulin 2024. A matsayin wani bangare na babban umarnin yin amfani da robobi guda daya, wannan sabon tsarin yana haifar da martani iri-iri. a fadin masana'antar abin sha, tare da yabo da suka da ake yi. Tambayar ita ce ko kwalaben kwalban da aka haɗe za su haɓaka ci gaban muhalli da gaske ko kuma za su tabbatar da matsala fiye da fa'ida.

Menene mahimman tanadin doka game da ma'auni?
Sabuwar ƙa'idar EU tana buƙatar duk kwalaben filastik su kasance a manne da kwalabe bayan buɗewa. Wannan canjin da ake ganin yana da yuwuwar samun gagarumin tasiri. Manufar wannan umarnin ita ce rage shara da kuma tabbatar da cewa an tattara kwalabe na robobi tare da sake sarrafa su tare da kwalabe. Ta hanyar buƙatar waɗancan kwalabe su kasance a manne da kwalabe, EU na da niyyar hana su zama ɓangarorin datti, waɗanda ke da illa musamman ga rayuwar ruwa.

Dokokin sun kasance wani ɓangare na Faɗin Jagoran Filayen Amfani Guda Daya na EU, wanda aka gabatar a cikin 2019 tare da manufar magance matsalar gurɓacewar filastik. Ƙarin matakan da aka haɗa a cikin wannan umarnin sune haramcin yankan filastik, faranti, da bambaro, da kuma buƙatun kwalaben filastik don ƙunshi aƙalla 25% abun ciki da aka sake yin fa'ida ta 2025 da 30% nan da 2030.

Manyan kamfanoni, irin su Coca-Cola, sun riga sun ƙaddamar da gyare-gyaren da suka dace don bin sabbin ka'idoji. A cikin shekarar da ta gabata, Coca-Cola ta fitar da iyakoki a duk faɗin Turai, tana haɓaka su a matsayin sabuwar hanyar warwarewa don tabbatar da "ba a bar hula a baya ba" da ƙarfafa kyawawan halaye na sake yin amfani da su a tsakanin masu amfani.

Martani da Kalubalen Masana'antar Shaye-shaye
Sabuwar dokar ba ta kasance ba tare da jayayya ba. Lokacin da EU ta fara ba da sanarwar umarnin a cikin 2018, masana'antar abin sha sun nuna damuwa game da yuwuwar farashi da ƙalubalen da ke tattare da bin doka. Sake tsara layukan samarwa don ɗaukar iyakoki masu ɗaure suna wakiltar babban nauyin kuɗi, musamman ga ƙananan masana'anta.

Wasu kamfanoni sun tayar da damuwa cewa shigar da madafunan da aka ɗaure na iya haifar da haɓakar amfani da filastik gabaɗaya, idan aka ba da ƙarin kayan da ake buƙata don kiyaye hular. Bugu da ƙari, akwai la'akari da dabaru, kamar sabunta kayan aikin kwalba da matakai don ɗaukar sabbin ƙirar hula.

Duk da waɗannan ƙalubalen, kamfanoni da yawa suna rungumar canjin. Coca-Cola, alal misali, ta saka hannun jari a cikin sabbin fasahohi kuma ta sake fasalin hanyoyin sarrafa kwalban don bin sabuwar doka. Wasu kamfanoni suna gwada kayan aiki da ƙira daban-daban don gano mafi ɗorewa da mafita masu tsada.

Ƙimar Muhalli da Tasirin zamantakewa
Fa'idodin muhalli na ma'auni masu ɗaure suna bayyana a cikin ka'idar. Ta hanyar ajiye iyakoki a cikin kwalabe, EU na da niyyar rage kwalabe na filastik tare da tabbatar da cewa an sake yin fa'ida tare da kwalabe. Duk da haka, har yanzu ba a tantance tasirin wannan canjin ba.

An gauraya ra'ayoyin masu amfani zuwa yanzu. Yayin da wasu masu fafutukar kare muhalli suka nuna goyon bayansu ga sabon tsarin, wasu kuma sun nuna damuwa cewa zai iya haifar da matsala. Masu amfani da yanar gizo sun bayyana damuwarsu a shafukan sada zumunta game da matsalolin da ake samu wajen zuba abin sha da kuma hular da ta buge su a fuska yayin shansu. Wasu ma sun ba da shawarar cewa sabon ƙirar shine mafita don neman matsala, lura da cewa kwalliya ba ta da yawa a cikin sharar gida a farkon wuri.

Bugu da ƙari, har yanzu akwai rashin tabbas game da ko fa'idodin muhalli za su yi mahimmanci don tabbatar da canjin. Wasu ƙwararrun masana'antu sun yi imanin cewa fifikon kan iyakoki na iya ɗaukar hankali daga ayyuka masu tasiri, kamar haɓaka kayan aikin sake yin amfani da su da haɓaka amfani da kayan da aka sake fa'ida a cikin marufi.

Hasashen nan gaba don ayyukan sake amfani da EU
Ka'idar hular da aka haɗe tana wakiltar kashi ɗaya kawai na cikakken dabarun EU don magance sharar robobi. Kungiyar EU ta tsara manufofin sake yin amfani da su da kuma rage sharar gida a nan gaba. Nan da shekarar 2025, manufar ita ce a samar da tsarin sake yin amfani da kwalaben robobi.
An tsara waɗannan matakan don sauƙaƙe sauye-sauye zuwa tattalin arziƙin madauwari, ta yadda ake sake amfani da kayayyaki, kayan aiki, da albarkatu, gyara, da sake yin fa'ida a duk inda ya yiwu. Ka'idar hular da aka haɗe tana wakiltar mataki na farko a wannan hanya, tare da yuwuwar share fage don aiwatar da irin wannan a wasu yankuna na duniya.

Shawarar da EU ta yanke na ba da izinin sanya hular kwalabe na wakiltar wani gagarumin yunkuri na yaki da sharar robobi. Ko da yake ƙa'idar ta riga ta haifar da sauye-sauye a masana'antar abin sha, tasirinsa na dogon lokaci ya kasance mara tabbas. Daga mahallin muhalli, yana wakiltar sabon mataki na rage ɗimbin robobi da haɓaka sake amfani da su. Daga ra'ayi mai amfani, sabuwar ƙa'idar tana gabatar da ƙalubale ga masana'antun da masu amfani iri ɗaya.

Nasarar sabuwar dokar za ta dogara ne akan daidaita daidaito tsakanin manufofin muhalli da kuma gaskiyar halayen masu amfani da damar masana'antu. Har yanzu ba a bayyana ko za a kalli wannan ka'ida a matsayin wani mataki na kawo sauyi ba ko kuma za a yi suka a matsayin ma'auni mai sauƙi.


Lokacin aikawa: Nov-11-2024